CBSE - Class 12 Physics
Class 12 Physics plays a crucial role in board exams and future career paths like engineering and science. This page is designed to help students build strong conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. You’ll find chapter-wise notes explained in simple language for quick and effective learning.
Our sample papers follow the latest CBSE pattern to help you practice real exam-level questions. Assignments and practice sets are included to strengthen numerical skills and application-based concepts. Important formulas, diagrams, and derivations are highlighted for easy revision. The content is fully aligned with the latest CBSE syllabus. Regular practice from this page will improve accuracy and confidence. Whether you are revising or starting a chapter, this page supports smart and focused preparation. Learn clearly, practice regularly, and score confidently in Physics.
CBSE EXAM-FOCUSED WEIGHTAGE ANALYSIS
| Unit | Unit Name | Approx. Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Electrostatics | 15–16 |
| Unit II | Current Electricity | 6–7 |
| Unit III | Magnetic Effects & Magnetism | 16–17 |
| Unit IV | EMI & AC | 8–9 |
| Unit V | Electromagnetic Waves | 3–4 |
| Unit VI | Optics | 14–15 |
| Unit VII | Dual Nature | 4–5 |
| Unit VIII | Atoms & Nuclei | 6–7 |
| Unit IX | Electronic Devices | 6–7 |
| TOTAL | 70 |
CBSE Class - 12 Physics Notes
Unit I – Electrostatics
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Coulomb’s law, superposition principle
Electric field, field lines
Electric dipole, torque on dipole
Gauss theorem + applications (infinite wire, plane sheet, spherical shell)
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential due to charge, dipole & system
Equipotential surfaces
Electric potential energy (two charges & dipole)
Conductors, dielectrics & polarization
Capacitors, combinations, parallel plate capacitor (with/without dielectric)
Energy stored in capacitor
Unit II – Current Electricity
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current, drift velocity, mobility
Ohm’s law, V–I characteristics
Resistivity, conductivity, temperature dependence
EMF, internal resistance
Series & parallel combination of cells
Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge
Unit III – Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment
Biot–Savart law (circular loop)
Ampere’s law (long wire, solenoid)
Force on moving charge & current-carrying wire
Force between parallel wires (definition of ampere)
Torque on current loop, magnetic dipole moment
Moving coil galvanometer
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet as solenoid (qualitative)
Magnetic field of dipole (axis & perpendicular)
Torque on dipole
Diamagnetic, paramagnetic & ferromagnetic substances
Magnetization & temperature effects
Unit IV – Electromagnetic Induction & AC
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law
Induced EMF & current
Self & mutual induction
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
AC, peak & RMS value
Reactance, impedance, LCR circuit (phasor only)
Resonance, power factor, wattless current
AC generator, transformer
Unit V – Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Displacement current
Nature of EM waves
Electromagnetic spectrum
Applications of different EM bands
Unit VI – Optics
Chapter 9: Ray Optics & Optical Instruments
Reflection, refraction
Mirror & lens formula
Total internal reflection, optical fibers
Lens maker’s formula, magnification
Prisms
Microscopes & telescopes
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wavefronts & Huygens principle
Interference, Young’s double slit experiment (final formula only)
Diffraction at a single slit (qualitative)
Unit VII – Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter
Chapter 11: Dual Nature
Photoelectric effect, Einstein equation
Matter waves, de Broglie relation
Unit VIII – Atoms & Nuclei
Chapter 12: Atoms
Rutherford scattering
Bohr model
Radius, velocity & energy of electron (nth orbit)
Hydrogen spectrum
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Nuclear composition, size
Mass–energy relation, mass defect
Binding energy curve
Nuclear fission & fusion
Unit IX – Electronic Devices
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics
Energy bands in solids
Intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors
p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics
Diode as a rectifier
